BLUE SPRING  Closed-loop output technology enhancement was developed in 1982 to meet the demands of the medical and healthcare industries, for a central source of  purified water to feed numerous points of use, without the risk of biological contamination in the distribution network.  In these applications of water purification,  bacteria growth and their resultant endotoxins is a major concern.  The Closed-loop output system addresses this concern most reliably and most economically.

BLUE SPRING closed-loop output reverse osmosis water purification systems are available in WP-Series, WFI-Series, and in WFI-EDI series. Also available in PrecipRO^TM-Series and ConcRO^TM-Series  wastewater recycling systems.

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BLUE SPRING SYSTEM WP-R provides highly reliable source of purified water for the production of bottled drinking water. 
In conventional bottled water systems, a storage tank is used to collect RO purified water. A feed hopper and a re-pressurizing pump is used to feed the bottling machine. Bacteria grows abundantly in stored water. It is necessary to use UV lights or bacteria filters to decontaminate the water before it is filled.  In the Blue Spring WP-R system, microbiological purity is not only preserved  due to lack of storage tank and other equip

ment, but actually it is enhanced, because with every pass through the loop, the unused portion of the water passes through the RO membranes where it gets re-purified.  No UV lights or bacteria filters are necessary, thereby saving on maintenance and operating costs. Capital costs are much lower due  to smaller equipment count and simplified piping installation. Space requirements are minimum, as the result of elimination of bulky storage tanks and associated equipment. Equipment reliability is far superior because there is no moving part in the external piping.

water, is difficult to achieve with conventional systems.

Water-for-injection must also be low in electrical conductivity - a requirement not possible to achieve by conventional reverse osmosis based water purification systems.

BLUE SPRING SYSTEM WFI-EDI-R is a specialized water purification system  which uses an ingenious combination of reverse osmosis and electro-deionization technologies in a closed-loop  configuration to attain extremely low  bacteria levels, almost unmeasurable endotoxin levels and the required low electrical conductivity levels.  All of these components are housed inside a single enclosure. The system is essentially maintenance-free because of low equipment count, lack of external pumps, lack of UV lights, sub-micron filters etc. And it occupies a small fraction of the space occupied by competitive  Water-for-injection systems.

In the production of water-based injectable drugs, process water is used for compounding the drug,  for washing bottles prior to filling, and for generating clean steam for terminal sterilization of the finished product.

Process water used in the production of injectable drugs must meet the strict requirements of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. The most critical part of the U.S.P. standard for WFI is non-pyrogenicity. Even water free of bacteria can be pyrogenic because the pyrogenicity arises from by-products of live and dead bacteria. Unlike bacteria, pyrogenic  matter can not be filtered out, neither can it be de-activated by terminal sterilization. A pyrogenic batch must be rejected and thrown away.

Conventional WFI systems use a storage tank and a re-circulation pump to supply water to various user points and to return it to the storage tank.  In spite of all precautions, maintaining low endotoxin count which relates to pyrogenicity of